Los inhibidores asociados a la mielina desempeñan un papel muy importante a la hora de impedir la regeneración axonal del sistema nervioso central (SNC) en el animal adulto.
Dentro de estos inhibidores destaca Nogo-A, una proteína recientemente identificada con expresión en oligodendrocitos.
Sin embargo, tras su descubrimiento como proteína asociada a la mielina, se han empezado a describir nuevas funciones para Nogo-A que distan mucho de su papel en la mielina de los oligodendrocitos.
Tras una introducción a los cambios moleculares que tienen lugar después de una lesión en el SNC, nos centramos en la figura de Nogo-A y su familia de proteínas.
Aunque Nogo-A se descubriera en el contexto de la inhibición del crecimiento axonal, y efectivamente desempeñe un papel determinante en esta inhibición, Nogo-A ha resultado ser también una proteína neuronal implicada en diversos procesos durante el desarrollo y en el adulto, que van desde la fasciculación axonal hasta la apoptosis. A
medida que profundizamos en nuestro conocimiento sobre los mecanismos moleculares que organizan el complejo funcionamiento del SNC, resulta más claro que las proteínas que se implican en fasciculación y guía axonal durante el desarrollo llevan a cabo en el SNC adulto funciones igualmente importantes en procesos como la inhibición axonal o la regulación de la plasticidad sináptica (Soriano García y col., 2004).
Las funciones fisiológicas de Nogo-A en el desarrollo neuronal y en la formación de oligodendrocitos sanos son desconocidas.
El receptor de Nogo (NgR) puede tener efectos inhibitorios sobre la actividad tumoral y el Nogo-A puede restringir la migración de las células tumorales a través del NgR (Xiong y col., 2011).
Bibliografía
Soriano García, Eduardo, Ana Mingorance Jiménez de la Espada, y J. A. del Río. Funciones de Nogo-A durante el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central y en el animal adulto. Http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=997226.
Xiong, Nanxiang, Jianying Shen, Shuai Li, Junjun Li, y Hongyang Zhao. 2011. «Expression of Nogo-66 receptor in human astrocytoma is correlated with tumor malignancy». Molecular Biology Reports (Junio 18). doi:10.1007/s11033-011-1015-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681431.
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